Committed to the value of Alternative Dispute Resolution

David has over 35 years’ legal experience in all aspects of Civil Litigation and Alternative Dispute Resolution as a trainer, neutral mediator, and attorney representing interested parties. This gives David unique expertise in addressing individual and corporate business disputes involving construction, business operations/succession, employment, land use, probate and estate matters, commercial litigation and personal injury. David’s career arc has led to a personal and professional commitment to the value of ADR in addressing the full spectrum of disputes.

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David Fitzsimons
David Fitzsimons

Process Centered
Alternative Dispute Resolution

Alternative Dispute Resolution (“ADR”) is a broad descriptor of a complex and varied set of alternatives to the rights-based traditional system of laws which pits disputants’ legally interpreted and defined positions in a contest that assumes (for only one side) a successful outcome at trial.

This adversarial approach assumes a zero-sum gain, in other words, winners and losers. ADR provides opportunities in even the unlikeliest scenarios for all parties to win and experience gains. All ADR processes provide the real opportunity for confidentiality and privacy in the resolution process, and an outcome of disputes that is not often available under traditional rights-based litigation in the court system. There are three major classes of ADR: Mediation, Arbitration and Peacemaking.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Lawyers, Arbitrators and Mediators are each bound by Professional Standards of Conduct which define, and in some instances limit, the actions that these professionals may undertake in furtherance of their clients’ needs. At ADRFitz, a thorough understanding of and grounding in these Rules and significant experience in Professional Ethics provide further assurance that the processes followed are conducted with the best interests of all participants paramount.
Lawyers, arbitrators, and mediators must adhere to strict Professional Standards of Conduct, which govern their ethical responsibilities and define the scope of their actions when advocating for or assisting clients. These standards ensure fairness, neutrality, confidentiality, and integrity in all legal and dispute resolution proceedings. In some cases, these rules impose limitations on what professionals can do to maintain impartiality and protect the interests of all parties involved. At ADRFitz, we prioritize ethical excellence by maintaining a deep understanding of these governing rules and applying our extensive experience in Professional Ethics to every case. Our commitment to ethical dispute resolution ensures that every mediation, arbitration, or legal process is conducted with fairness, transparency, and the best interests of all participants at the forefront. Whether facilitating mediation, overseeing arbitration, or providing legal counsel, ADRFitz upholds the highest standards, offering clients confidence in the integrity of the dispute resolution process. By choosing ADRFitz, individuals and businesses gain access to seasoned dispute resolution professionals who are not only well-versed in the law but also deeply committed to ethical best practices in civil litigation, mediation, and arbitration.
In Mediation your goal should be to engage a thorough and comprehensive examination of all aspects of the dispute to identify and embrace as comprehensive and mutually satisfactory an outcome as possible. The resolution for so many disputes, litigated or not yet part of a lawsuit, falls so often outside the precise remedies provided for at law, that interests-based review simply must be explored.
The Role of Comprehensive Examination in Mediation: Achieving Mutually Satisfactory Outcomes In mediation, the primary goal is to foster open communication between disputing parties to identify mutually beneficial solutions. Mediation provides a unique opportunity for parties to engage in a thorough and comprehensive examination of all aspects of their dispute, beyond the confines of traditional legal remedies. This approach allows for the exploration of creative solutions that can better meet the needs of everyone involved. Mediation is not about simply adhering to strict legal standards but about finding a resolution that works for both parties in a collaborative and constructive manner. A Thorough Examination of the Dispute: A Key to Success in Mediation When entering mediation, it is crucial to conduct a detailed analysis of all elements of the dispute, including both legal and non-legal factors. Often, disputes that have the potential to lead to litigation or have already become part of a lawsuit stem from complex issues that cannot be resolved solely by following the letter of the law. This is where mediation provides a significant advantage. By focusing on interests-based review, mediation allows the parties to look beyond the legal arguments and explore the underlying interests and concerns that may not be explicitly addressed by existing laws or remedies. For example, in business disputes, the legal remedies may not account for factors like company culture, future relationships, or operational continuity. In family disputes, legal resolutions may not adequately address emotional concerns or the long-term well-being of all involved. Mediation offers a platform to address these broader interests and needs, ultimately leading to solutions that better serve the unique dynamics of the conflict. The Importance of Interests-Based Review in Mediation One of the key concepts in mediation is interests-based negotiation, which focuses on identifying the interests—the core concerns, desires, or needs—of all parties involved, rather than simply focusing on legal positions. Traditional litigation is often based on a rights-based approach, where each party fights for their legal entitlements or specific outcomes. While this can work in some cases, it often overlooks the full scope of the conflict, particularly in disputes that involve complex or ongoing relationships, such as business partnerships, family matters, or employment issues. By exploring interests rather than strictly adhering to legal rights, mediation helps create win-win solutions that can accommodate both parties' needs. This type of resolution might include financial settlements, but it can also include agreements related to future cooperation, timing, or emotional considerations—all factors that legal remedies might not address directly. It’s in this interest-based review that mediation often provides greater flexibility and creativity than a court trial, resulting in more comprehensive and lasting solutions. The Value of Comprehensive Mediation Solutions In many cases, the best resolution to a dispute—whether it’s already in the legal system or still outside of a lawsuit—may fall outside the specific remedies traditionally available through the legal system. For example, a court may provide financial compensation or impose a legal remedy, but these solutions might not fully restore relationships, mitigate future risks, or address non-monetary needs such as confidentiality or reputation management. In mediation, by focusing on a thorough and comprehensive review of the dispute, parties have the ability to craft outcomes that truly address the full spectrum of needs, including both practical and emotional considerations. Furthermore, mediation enables parties to design resolutions that are customized to the specific circumstances of the dispute. Unlike court decisions that may rely on strict legal principles, mediation offers flexibility in crafting solutions that are tailored to the unique aspects of the conflict, such as timeframes, payment plans, or future dispute resolution procedures. Maximizing the Potential for Success Through Mediation To achieve the best possible outcome, both parties must be fully engaged in the mediation process. This means entering mediation with a willingness to listen, understand the other party's interests, and work collaboratively to identify solutions that are mutually beneficial. Engaging in a comprehensive examination of the dispute—not just focusing on legal positions, but also considering broader interests—ensures that the resolution addresses all critical factors and provides a foundation for long-term success. In conclusion, mediation provides a unique opportunity to resolve disputes through interest-based negotiation, moving beyond legal remedies to explore more holistic solutions. By conducting a thorough examination of the conflict and embracing the broader interests at play, mediation offers the potential for creating outcomes that are comprehensive, mutually satisfactory, and better aligned with the needs of all participants. This approach ultimately helps create more sustainable, effective resolutions that go beyond simple legal outcomes and foster cooperation and understanding between the parties.
Various organizations maintain panels of qualified neutrals and post training requirements for membership on those panels. Familiarize yourself with those qualifications, and feel free to ask any potential neutrals about their backgrounds. Keep in mind that where Arbitration services are being sought, direct contact with the potential Arbitrator may not be possible, unless all parties to the dispute (or their representatives) are involved with the contact. When reaching out to a potential Mediator, it is advisable to at the least advise, and if possible, gain the agreement of other parties.
Various organizations establish and oversee panels of qualified neutrals, setting specific training and experience requirements for professionals seeking membership. These organizations, such as the American Arbitration Association (AAA), Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services (JAMS), and state or local dispute resolution centers, ensure that arbitrators and mediators meet rigorous professional standards. Before selecting a neutral, take the time to research their qualifications, certifications, and experience in handling disputes similar to yours. Many organizations publish directories of neutrals with detailed bios outlining their expertise, training, and case history. Additionally, don't hesitate to ask potential neutrals about their backgrounds, approaches to dispute resolution, and any relevant industry knowledge they may have. However, when seeking Arbitration services, be aware that direct contact with a potential arbitrator is generally restricted to maintain neutrality and fairness. Any communication should include all involved parties (or their representatives) to ensure transparency and avoid any perception of bias. For Mediation, while there is typically more flexibility in contacting a potential mediator, best practices suggest notifying and, if possible, obtaining agreement from all parties before making initial contact. This promotes trust in the process and ensures that all participants are on the same page regarding mediator selection.
Learn as much as you are able about the process and ask questions. Preparation for Arbitration requires a full examination of the strengths and weaknesses of your own and the opponent’s case. Preparation for Mediation should also contain the same elements, in addition to examination of broader interests that will likely lead to resolutions centered on those interests.
Effective Preparation for Arbitration and Mediation: Key Steps for Success Effective preparation is essential for success in both Arbitration and Mediation, as each process requires a thoughtful, strategic approach to achieve the best possible outcome. Understanding the specific requirements of each process and the nuances involved can greatly increase the likelihood of reaching a favorable resolution. Preparation for Arbitration: A Comprehensive Approach Arbitration is a formal dispute resolution process in which a neutral arbitrator makes a binding decision after hearing both sides of the case. This process often mirrors a trial, requiring each party to present evidence, legal arguments, and witness testimony. As such, preparation for arbitration must involve a thorough evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of both your own case and your opponent's position. This comprehensive analysis helps to craft a clear, persuasive argument and identify potential weaknesses that could be exploited by the opposing side. Key elements of effective arbitration preparation include: Reviewing all evidence: Carefully examine all documents, contracts, emails, and other materials related to the case to ensure you understand the facts and can highlight critical evidence in your favor. Assessing legal arguments: Work with legal counsel to understand the applicable laws, regulations, and precedents that may influence the outcome of the case. This includes preparing a strong legal argument and anticipating possible counterarguments from the opposing side. Witness preparation: If witnesses will be involved, ensure they are properly prepared to present their testimony in a clear and compelling manner. Anticipating the opposing party's strategy: Analyze your opponent’s case, identify potential weaknesses, and prepare counter-strategies to mitigate their arguments. By investing time and resources into thorough arbitration preparation, you can present a compelling case, anticipate potential challenges, and increase your chances of success. Preparation for Mediation: A Broader Perspective Unlike arbitration, mediation is a more collaborative, flexible, and non-adversarial process that aims to help the parties find mutually agreeable solutions to their dispute. While mediation does not involve a decision from a neutral third party, its effectiveness hinges on the willingness of both parties to engage in open dialogue and work toward a resolution that satisfies the interests of everyone involved. Preparation for mediation involves not only a deep understanding of the facts and legal aspects of the dispute but also an examination of the broader interests and underlying needs of all parties. These interests may extend beyond legal entitlements to include factors such as relationships, financial stability, business operations, and emotional concerns. Mediation focuses on finding solutions that address these broader interests, leading to more sustainable and mutually beneficial outcomes. Key elements of effective mediation preparation include: Identifying core interests: Beyond legal arguments, consider what both you and the opposing party truly need to resolve the dispute. This may involve evaluating the long-term implications of the conflict on business relationships, reputations, or future cooperation. Exploring creative solutions: Since mediation is a flexible process, brainstorm potential solutions that can satisfy the interests of all parties. The goal is to create win-win outcomes that go beyond what might be achievable in a courtroom. Understanding the other party’s perspective: Try to understand the interests and motivations of the opposing party. This can help you identify areas of common ground and suggest solutions that benefit both sides. Consulting with a mediator: If possible, consult with the mediator beforehand to understand their approach and ensure you are aligned on how the process will unfold. By focusing on interest-based negotiation and preparing for mediation with a clear understanding of both your own and the other party’s needs, you are better positioned to reach a sustainable resolution that works for all involved. The Importance of Asking Questions No matter the dispute resolution process—whether arbitration or mediation—it is crucial to ask questions, seek clarification, and ensure you have a full understanding of the procedures, strategies, and potential outcomes. Learning as much as possible about the process will help you make informed decisions, manage expectations, and navigate the complexities of each stage. Don’t hesitate to ask your attorney, mediator, or arbitrator about any aspect of the process that is unclear. Preparation and knowledge are key to maximizing the potential for success. In conclusion, successful outcomes in both arbitration and mediation rely heavily on thorough preparation, clear strategy, and a focus on both legal arguments and broader interests. By taking the time to carefully evaluate your case, explore creative solutions, and understand the dynamics of the dispute, you are more likely to achieve a positive resolution that meets your needs and objectives.
The litigated case process involves a rights-based outcome which often is limited to “zero-sum” gains. A publicly declared Winner, and equally public Loser. ADR encompasses a varied set of tools and procedures for dispute resolution. Applying and trusting the particular process on offer is vital to maximizing the opportunities for success. At ADRFitz understanding, the value of process, and sharing the benefits with all participants from initial contact through completion is fundamental.
The Litigated Case Process vs. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR): Key Differences and Advantages The litigated case process in traditional legal systems often focuses on a rights-based outcome, where the resolution is based on legal entitlements, statutes, and precedents. This approach typically results in a "zero-sum" outcome—where one party wins, and the other loses. The final decision is publicly declared, with the winner receiving a favorable judgment and the loser potentially facing significant financial, reputational, and emotional consequences. While this system is effective for certain types of disputes, it is often adversarial, time-consuming, and costly. In contrast, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) offers a much broader set of tools and procedures for resolving disputes in a way that prioritizes collaboration, flexibility, and creative solutions. ADR encompasses various processes such as mediation, arbitration, peacemaking, and negotiation, each designed to fit different types of conflicts and objectives. Unlike traditional litigation, ADR is generally more focused on reaching a mutually beneficial resolution rather than declaring one party as the definitive "winner" and the other as the "loser." One of the key advantages of ADR is that it enables all parties involved to have a say in the outcome, fostering a sense of ownership and involvement in the process. This party-driven approach helps parties find solutions that satisfy their underlying interests, rather than merely focusing on strict legal rights or entitlements. The flexibility inherent in ADR processes means that parties can craft customized solutions that may better meet their needs and preserve important relationships, whether in business, family, or community contexts. To maximize the benefits of ADR, it is crucial for participants to understand and trust the specific process being utilized. The effectiveness of ADR hinges on selecting the right method for the situation at hand, whether it's mediation for collaborative problem-solving or arbitration for a more formalized and binding decision. Trusting the process ensures that all parties remain engaged and committed to finding a solution that works for everyone involved. At ADRFitz, we understand that the value of the process is central to the success of Alternative Dispute Resolution. From the initial contact to the final resolution, we are dedicated to guiding parties through each step, ensuring that all participants benefit from the process. Our commitment to transparent communication, fair procedures, and impartiality fosters an environment where trust and collaboration are prioritized. By carefully choosing the most appropriate ADR process and ensuring that all parties are fully invested in the resolution, we help achieve positive, sustainable outcomes that would be difficult, if not impossible, to reach through traditional litigation. In conclusion, while traditional litigation is often associated with public zero-sum outcomes, ADR offers a more flexible, collaborative approach that allows all parties to work toward a win-win resolution. By understanding the value of the process and ensuring that every participant benefits from a well-executed ADR strategy, organizations and individuals can experience more efficient, cost-effective, and satisfying resolutions to their disputes.
Peacemaking involves the conflict resolution discourse and collaborative problem solving. This method is often used by organizations seeking resolution of conflicts, stasis and strategy in evolving and moving the organization successfully forward.
Peacemaking: Collaborative Conflict Resolution for Organizational Success Peacemaking is a transformative approach to conflict resolution that emphasizes open dialogue, mutual understanding, and collaborative problem-solving. This method goes beyond traditional negotiation techniques by focusing on building trust, fostering empathy, and creating lasting solutions that benefit all parties involved. Peacemaking is particularly effective in environments where maintaining long-term relationships and ensuring future collaboration are essential, such as within businesses, communities, and organizations. In organizational settings, peacemaking helps resolve conflicts that may arise from differing viewpoints, communication breakdowns, or strategic disagreements. It creates a platform for employees, leadership, or other stakeholders to engage in meaningful discussions that address the underlying causes of the dispute. By encouraging participation from all sides, peacemaking enables parties to better understand each other's perspectives and work together towards win-win solutions that align with the collective goals of the organization. Peacemaking is more than just a way to resolve disputes—it is also a valuable tool for creating a culture of conflict prevention. By incorporating collaborative problem-solving into the fabric of organizational decision-making, peacemaking helps prevent conflicts from escalating and supports the development of positive relationships among employees, departments, or external partners. This proactive approach contributes to an environment of mutual respect and shared responsibility, where individuals are encouraged to work together for the common good. In addition to resolving internal conflicts, peacemaking is often used by organizations as a strategic tool to align stasis (or periods of organizational stillness) with forward movement. During times of change, growth, or restructuring, peacemaking can provide a structured process for addressing resistance to change, differing goals, or misalignments between various stakeholders. By addressing these challenges through open communication and shared problem-solving, peacemaking helps organizations move successfully forward. Peacemaking also plays a crucial role in fostering a healthy organizational culture. By encouraging transparency, active listening, and collaborative engagement, this conflict resolution method promotes positive relationships and psychological safety among employees. When team members feel heard and valued, they are more likely to be engaged, productive, and committed to the success of the organization. Additionally, peacemaking supports leadership development by teaching leaders how to effectively manage conflict, negotiate solutions, and maintain harmony within their teams. In summary, peacemaking is a vital method of conflict resolution that empowers organizations to address and resolve disputes constructively while promoting a culture of collaboration and mutual respect. Whether used to resolve internal conflicts, prevent disputes from escalating, or strategically guide an organization through times of change, peacemaking ensures that conflicts are approached as opportunities for growth and improvement, ultimately helping organizations thrive and move forward in a positive, productive direction.
In Arbitration the neutral sits in judgment and issues an opinion. The Arbitrator determines the outcome based upon contracted or accepted norms and standards, evaluating evidence and the factual and legal arguments presented by the parties.
Arbitration: A Formal and Binding Method of Dispute Resolution Arbitration is a structured and formal Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) process where a neutral third party, known as the arbitrator, is tasked with making a final, binding decision on a dispute. Unlike mediation, where the mediator helps facilitate negotiations without imposing a decision, arbitration mirrors a traditional courtroom trial in many ways, but typically in a more streamlined, private, and less formal environment. The arbitrator functions as a judge in the arbitration process, reviewing all relevant evidence, hearing the arguments from both parties, and making a ruling based on the contracted or agreed-upon standards, industry norms, or established legal principles. The process can involve legal arguments, the presentation of documents, testimony, and cross-examination, much like a trial, but usually without the complexity, time delays, and costs associated with litigation in the public court system. One of the key advantages of arbitration is its flexibility in choosing the arbitrator's qualifications and expertise in the subject matter of the dispute. Whether it’s related to construction, business contracts, employment disputes, intellectual property, or commercial disagreements, parties can select an arbitrator with specialized knowledge, which can lead to a more efficient and informed resolution process. The arbitrator evaluates the evidence presented by the disputing parties, which may include documents, witness statements, expert testimony, and other forms of admissible information. The decision rendered by the arbitrator—referred to as an award—is typically final and binding, with very limited grounds for appeal, making arbitration a more predictable and expedited process compared to traditional court litigation. Another advantage of arbitration is its ability to offer more privacy and confidentiality than court trials, as arbitration proceedings are typically not open to the public, and the details of the dispute are not published as part of public records. This can be particularly important for businesses and corporations seeking to resolve disputes without the risk of damaging their reputation or exposing sensitive information. Arbitration is often seen as a cost-effective alternative to lengthy litigation, with shorter timelines for resolution and reduced legal fees. It is also an excellent option for international disputes, where arbitration allows parties from different countries to resolve conflicts under a neutral set of rules, avoiding the complexities of navigating multiple legal systems. Overall, arbitration is an ideal dispute resolution method for parties seeking a faster, more private, and legally binding resolution to their disputes. By utilizing an arbitrator, businesses and individuals can ensure that their conflicts are resolved efficiently and with fairness, based on the rules they have mutually agreed to, while maintaining control over the process.

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ADR Fitz provides comprehensive Alternative Dispute Resolution services, including mediation of litigated and non-litigated disputes, arbitration and peacemaking consultation and training. We will endeavor to provide detailed information on our services and options in response to your relevant inquiry.

We do NOT represent parties in disputes or actions, serving rather only as neutrals and or training consultants.

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